ABSTRACT
Objetivamos conhecer a percepção de estudantes de Educação Física acerca de comportamentos e comentários homofóbicos e heterossexistas presentes na formação profissional, identificando sugestões para torná-la mais receptiva à diversidade de sujeitos. Esta pesquisa mista contou, primeiramente, com 260 estudantes que responderam um questionário que foi analisado a partir da frequência de respostas. Na segunda etapa participaram 19, divididos em 3 grupos focais, cujo conteúdo foi transcrito e submetido a análise de conteúdo com auxílio do software QSRNVivo. Os resultados apontam que é forte a incidência de comportamentos e comentários homofóbicos e heterossexistas entre estudantes, ocorrendo sobretudo entre os homens. Afirmam que os(as) docentes reforçam ou silenciam diante dessas condutas e pouco colaboram para criar um ambiente seguro e livre de preconceitos. Para alterar esse cenário, é necessário cultivar o respeito, problematizar o currículo heteronormativo e oportunizar diferentes ações que envolvam a comunidade acadêmica
This study aimed to know the perceptions of physical education students concerning homophobic and heterosexist comments and behaviours in professional education. Also, we identified suggestions to make professional education more suitable to the diversity of subjects. This mixed research was divided into two steps. Firstly, 260 students filled a questionnaire and a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the results. Subsequently, 19 students participated in three focal groups. Then, the data was transcribed and the information processed using the software (QSRNVivo). Finally, a content analysis was carried out. A strong incidence of homophobic and heterosexist comments and behaviours is seen, frequently among male subjects. Furthermore, the results show that when confronted teachers were voiceless or reinforced the behaviour, consequently not collaborating to a secure and prejudice-free environment. To change this scenario, it is necessary to cultivate respect, problematize the heteronormative curriculum and opportunize different actions involving the academic community
Este estúdio objetivó conocer la percepción de los estudiantes de Educación Física sobre los comportamientos y comentarios homofóbicos y heterosexistas que se encuentran presentes en la formación profesional, identificando las propuestas para cambiarla más receptiva hacia la diversidad de personas. Esta investigación mixta contó, primeramente, con 260 estudiantes que respondieron un cuestionario que fue analizado mediante frecuencias. En la segunda etapa, 19 alumnos que fueron divididos en 3 grupos focales, cuyos datos fueron transcritos y sometidos a análisis de contenido mediante la ayuda de un software (QSRNVivo). Los resultados apuntan una fuerte incidencia de comportamientos y comentarios homofóbicos y heterosexistas entre estudiantes, principalmente entre los hombres. Afirman que los docentes refuerzan o silencian estas conductas y además colaboran poco para crear un ambiente libre de prejuicios. Para cambiar esta situación, es necesario trabajar el respeto, cuestionar el currículo heteronormativo y fomentar diferentes acciones que involucren a la comunidad académica
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Physical Education and Training , Homophobia , Sexism , Universities , Professional TrainingABSTRACT
El estudiante universitario debe desarrollar habilidades que le permitan su auto educación; para lo cual, este requiere apropiarse de estrategias que faciliten su aprendizaje autónomo y formación del pensamiento crítico. La monografía que se presenta brinda un análisis bibliográfico con el objetivo de ofrecer una aproximación epistemológica al rol del autoaprendizaje y la metacognición en la Educación Superior.
The college student must develop skills that allow for self-education; there for, it requires the appropriation of strategies that facilitate their autonomous learning and the formation of critical thinking. The presented monograph offers a bibliographical analysis with the aim of offering an epistemological approach to the role of self-learning and metacognition in Higher Education.
Subject(s)
Humans , Universities , Metacognition , Self-Directed Learning as TopicABSTRACT
Background: Physical inactivity is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Aim: To investigate the association of physical inactivity with obesity, metabolic markers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and metabolic syndrome in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: Participants from the National Health Survey 2009-10 (n = 5,157) were included in this study. Body mass index, waist circumference, metabolic markers (blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile) were the outcomes. Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome were determined using international criteria. Physical activity levels were determined using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and physical inactivity was defined as < 600 METs/minutes/week. Results: Compared to their physically active peers, inactive men and women had a higher odds ratio (OR) for obesity (OR: 1.77 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.29-2.42], p < 0.01 and 1.25 [95% CI: 102-1.54], p < 0.035, respectively), diabetes (OR: 2.47 [1.80-3.38], p < 0.01 and 1.72 [1.35-2.19], p = 0.002, respectively) and hypertension (OR: 1.66 [1.31-2.09], p < 0.01 and 1.83 [1.54-2.18] respectively. An association of physical inactivity with central obesity and metabolic syndrome was observed only in men (OR: 1.92 [1.42- 2.58], p < 0.01 and 1.74 [1.23-2.47], p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Not meeting the physical activity recommendations is associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome, which are important cardiovascular risk factors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Biomarkers/blood , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Sedentary Behavior , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Blood Glucose , Body Mass Index , Chile/epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology , Waist Circumference , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/etiology , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/etiologyABSTRACT
Introducción: la formación profesional en las ciencias de la salud requiere del logro de competencias que propicien el aprender a aprender, para lo cual se precisa desarrollar la autonomía cognoscitiva de los estudiantes. Objetivo: evaluar la satisfacción de los estudiantes con un plan de acciones dirigido a mejorar sus estrategias de aprendizaje autónomo. Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio preexperimental donde se trabajó con toda la población, compuesta por 33 estudiantes del primer semestre de la carrera de Enfermería, de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador, durante el período académico octubre 2015-febrero 2016. El método Delphi se utilizó para validar el cuestionario aplicado y el diseño del plan de acciones. La aplicación de la técnica de Iadov sirvió para determinar los índices de satisfacción grupal e individual de los estudiantes en relación con el plan de acciones ejecutado. Resultados: el 93,94 por ciento respondió que sí le gusta estudiar, pero la mayoría consideró no estar preparado para asumir su propio aprendizaje. Solo el 30,30 por ciento de los individuos investigados ingresó a la carrera de Enfermería guiado por la vocación. Conclusiones: se identificaron deficiencias relativas a hábitos y técnicas de auto aprendizaje relacionadas con la lectura, la planificación, los procedimientos, la profundidad de análisis de los tópicos y el trabajo grupal. El índice de satisfacción grupal quedó en la categoría satisfactorio, mientras que en el individual prevaleció la de clara satisfacción(AU)
Introduction: Professional training in health sciences requires the achievement of competences that encourage learning how to learn, for which it is necessary to develop the students' cognitive autonomy. Objectives: To assess the students' satisfaction with an action plan aimed at improving their autonomous learning strategies. Methods: A pre-experimental study was developed in which the entire population was studied, made up by 33 students of the first semester of the Nursing major from the National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador, during the academic period October 2015-February 2016. The Delphi method was used to validate the applied questionnaire and for the design of the action plan. The Iadov technique was used to determine the indexes of group and individual satisfaction of the students in relation to the executed plan of actions. Results: 93.94 percent answered that they do like to study, but the majority considered not being ready to assume their own learning. Only 30.30 percent of the investigated individuals entered the Nursing major guided by self-vocation. Conclusions: We identified deficiencies related to habits and self-learning techniques related to reading, planning, procedures, deepening into topic analysis and group work. The group's satisfaction index remained in the satisfactory category, while in the individual group the satisfaction index prevailed(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Nursing , Universities , Self-Directed Learning as TopicABSTRACT
Background Physical inactivity and obesity are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aim To investigate whether if the association between obesity and diabetes is modified by levels of physical activity in the Chilean population. Material and Methods Cross-sectional study including 4,712 participants from the 2009-2010 National Health Survey. Diabetes was determined when participants referred having the disease or had a fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl. Physical activity level was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. The association between diabetes, obesity and physical activity was determined using logistic regression analysis. Results Compare to active and normal weight subjects (reference group), the risk for T2D was higher in active individuals with overweight (Odds ratio (OR): 2.85 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.76- 4.61] p < 0.01). The risk among inactive but normal weight participants (OR: 2.12 [95% CI: 1.49- 3.01], p < 0.01) was of lower magnitude and was even higher among inactive and overweight individuals (OR: 3.22 [95% CI: 2.10 - 4.93], p < 0.01). Similar results were found for obesity and central obesity. Conclusions Individuals who are physically inactive and have a high adiposity level have an increased risk for T2D compared to active individuals with normal BMI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Exercise/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology , Adiposity/physiology , Obesity/complications , Socioeconomic Factors , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Health Surveys , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Sedentary Behavior , Obesity/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Background: Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Aim: To identify factors associated with physical inactivity in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: Participants from the Chilean Health Survey (5,133 individuals) were included in this study. Physical activity was measured using the Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Physical inactivity was defined as < 600 MET. min.week−1 of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of physical inactivity. Results: The main finding of this study were that women (odds ratio (OR): 1.51 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.32-1.72]) were more likely to be inactive compared to men and that older adults were more likely to be inactive than their younger or middle age counterparts (OR: 3.06 [95% CI: 2.45-3.82]). Other correlates of physical inactivity were individuals with obesity (OR: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.20-1.70]), diabetes (OR: 1.96 [95% CI: 1.61-2.38]), hypertension (OR: 1.72 [95% CI: 1.50-1.97]), metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.42 [95% IC: 1.18-1.70]), a low education level (OR: 1.26 [95% CI: 1.06-1.49]) and higher levels of sedentary behavior (OR: 2.77 [95% CI: 2.36-3.25]). Conclusions: Women, older people and sedentary subjects with chronic non-transmissible conditions are at higher risk of being physically inactive.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Exercise , Demography/statistics & numerical data , Health Surveys , Sedentary Behavior , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Health Behavior , Odds Ratio , Chile , Sex Factors , Risk Factors , Age FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo Analizar el efecto de 12 semanas de actividad física en la morfología de las mujeres inscritas en el programa de salud familiar de la ciudad de Patos, Paraíba - Brasil. Durante estas semanas se aplicaron diferentes programas de actividad física. Métodos Investigación cuasi experimental, en la cual fueron analizadas 28 mujeres, voluntarias, con edades entre 42 y 56 años, divididas en los grupos: G1 (n=15, actividades lúdicas) y G2 (n=13, actividad de danza). Para el análisis de datos se empleó la prueba t student para muestras independientes con un nivel de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados La comparación de las variables de la composición corporal no mostró diferencia entre los grupos. Sin embargo, cuando se comparan los momentos pre y post, se observa que los dos programas de actividad física distintos producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres. Conclusión Los resultados obtenidos indican que los programas de actividad física aplicados producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres. Por otro lado, se considera que podría ser buena la comparación de un programa de ejercicio físico y de actividades físicas lúdicas y sus efectos en la morfología de mujeres.(AU)
Objective To analyze the effect of 12 weeks of physical activity on the morphology of the women enrolled in the Family Health Program in the city of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. During these weeks, different physical activity programs were applied. Methods A quasi-experimental study, in which 28 women were analyzed. All were volunteers, aged between 42 and 56 years and divided into groups: G1 (n=15, recreational activities) and G2 (n=13, dance activities). For data analysis, the Student t-test for independent samples was used with a significance level of p<0.05. Results The comparison of body composition variables showed no difference between the two groups. However, when the pre- and post-exercise moments are compared, it is seen that the two different physical activity programs produce significant changes in the morphology of women. Conclusion The results indicate that the applied physical activity programs produce significant changes in the morphology of women. On the other hand, we consider that the comparison between a physical exercise program and recreational physical activity program and their effects on the morphology of women could be good.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Body Composition/physiology , Motor Activity/physiology , Women , BrazilABSTRACT
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la eficacia de un programa de actividad física y alimentación saludable en escolares chilenos. Materiales y Métodos: Se trabajó con ocho Centros Educativos de Chillán, con un total de 257 niños. La intervención se aplicó durante 5 meses, se desarrollaron talleres durante las reuniones de padres y apoderados con material educativo, a los niños se les incorporaron 45 minutos diarios de AF todos los días de la semana y talleres saludables. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron dos cuestionarios, uno sobre actividad física y el segundo sobre frecuencia alimentaria, además se utilizaron una balanza digital y un tallímetro para obtener estado nutricional. Se midieron peso, talla y se calculó Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y el estado nutricional. Resultados: Después de la intervención el porcentaje de la muestra que presentaba exceso de peso disminuyó de 50,2% a 42% en general; en cuanto a las niñas, estas presentaban un 47% de exceso de peso, finalizada la intervención el porcentaje de niñas con exceso de peso disminuyó hasta un 35,9%, quedando en 64,1% los casos en estado normal; en cuanto a la calidad alimentaria, los resultados postintervención muestran que la baja calidad alimentaria disminuyó de un 28% a 5,4%, los que tenían media pasaron de 10,9% a 17,9%, de la misma forma la calidad alta aumentó de un 61,1% a 76,7%. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que programas para reducir la obesidad infantil, que son abordados con actividad física y talleres de alimentación saludable, logran resultados positivos.
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a physical activity in a healthy eating program for Chilean students. Materials and Methods: The investigation was carried out with eight educational centers in Chillán with a total of 257 children. The intervention was applied for 5 months. Workshops were held during parents and guardians meetings with educational material, and children worked 45 minutes AF daily every day of the week and attended health workshops. The instruments used were two questionnaires, one about physical activity and the other about food frequency; besides, a digital scale and a stadiometer were used to obtain the nutritional state. Weight and height were measured and also the BMI and nutritional state were measured. Results: After the intervention the percentage of the sample that presented overweight diminished from 50.2% to 42% in general. Regarding the girls, they presented 47% overweight and when the intervention finished the percentage of overweight girls diminished to a 35.9% being 64.1% the cases in a normal state. As for food quality, it diminished from 28% to 5.4%; those who had a media went from 10.9 to 17.9, and in the same way, high quality increased from a 61.1% to 76,7%. Conclusions: The results show that programs to reduce child obesity which are dealt with physical activity and food workshops have good results.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a eficácia de um programa de atividade física e alimentação saudável em crianças da escola chilena. Materiais e Métodos: Trabalhou se com oito Centros de Educação de Chillán, com um total de 257 crianças. A intervenção se aplicou durante 5 meses, desenvolveram se oficinas educativas durante as reuniões de pais com material educativo, às crianças se lhes ensinou por 45 minutos diários de AF todos os dias da semana e atividades saudáveis. Os instrumentos utilizados foram dois questionários, um sobre atividade física e o segundo sobre freqüência alimentaria, além se utilizaram uma balança digital e uma vara de medição (tallímetro) para obter estado nutricional. Mediu se peso tamanho e calculou se o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) Resultados: Após da intervenção a porcentagem da mostra que apresentava excesso de peso diminuiu de 50,2% a 42% em geral; no tocante as meninas, estas apresentavam um 47% de excesso de peso, finalizava a intervenção a porcentagem de meninas com excesso de peso diminuiu até um 35,9% ficando em 64,1% os casos em estado normal; com respeito à qualidade alimentaria diminuiu de 28% a 5,4%, os que tinham media passaram de 10,9% a 17,9%, da mesma forma a qualidade alta aumentou dum 61,1% a 76,7%. Conclusões: Os resultados mostram que programas para reduzir a obesidade infantil, que são abordados com atividade física e oficinas de alimentação saudável, logram resultados positivos.
Subject(s)
Child , Child Nutrition , Sedentary Behavior , Diet, Healthy , Motor ActivityABSTRACT
Presentamos un estudio empírico descriptivo realizado con 250 participantes de 6º de Educación Primaria (EP), 130 niñas y 120 niños de cuatro centros escolares españoles con distintas características, aplicándose una encuesta de 10 ítems para comprender las barreras que encuentran las chicas para la realización de actividad física (AF) y deporte, en su tiempo de ocio escolar. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias de género a la hora de practicar juegos y deportes, aunque se está produciendo un cambio de conducta que hace que chicos y chicas se agrupen con mayor frecuencia para la realización de AF y deportes
Apresentamos um estudo empírico descritivo realizado com 250 participantes do sexto ano da Educação Primária (EP), 130 meninas e 120 meninos de quatro centros escolares espanhóis com diferentes características, aplicando-se uma enquete de 10 itens para compreender os obstáculos que encontram as meninas na realização de atividade física (AF) e esporte no tempo de lazer escolar. Os resultados indicam que existem diferenças de gênero na hora de praticar jogos e esportes, ainda que se apresentem mudanças de conduta que fazem que meninos e meninas se agruparem com maior frequência para realizar atividades físicas e esportes
We present a descriptive empirical study carried out with 250 pupils belonging to 6th of Primary Education (EP), 130 girls and 120 boys, from four schools with different characteristics to which there is applied a survey of 10 questions with the aim of understanding the barriers that girls find when they are accomplishing physical activities (AF), during their leisure time out of school. The results show the difference of gender exists when practising games and sport, though a change of conduct is taking place, since children and girls every time share more the accomplishment of physical and sports activities. The ways of playing and playing sports, are very interrelated with socio-cultural environment
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Sports , Exercise , Education, Primary and Secondary , Gender IdentityABSTRACT
Introducción: la obesidad en Chile afecta al 9,9 % de los menores de 6 años y se eleva hasta el 22,4 % en los niños con sobrepeso. Objetivo: determinar el estado nutricional de niños y niñas según su nivel de actividad física, calidad de su alimentación y nivel educativo de sus padres. Métodos: se evaluaron 257 niños(as) de escuelas públicas. Los padres respondieron lo referente al nivel de actividad física, calidad de la alimentación y nivel educativo a través de cuestionarios. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística univariada y bivariada usando frecuencias absolutas, porcentajes y prueba de ji-Cuadrada. Resultados: de los 257 estudiantes el 50 % tenía exceso de peso. El estado nutricional se relacionó significativamente con la actividad física (p< 0,01), pero no con la calidad alimentaria ni con el nivel educativo de los padres. Esta última variable sí explicaría la calidad alimentaria de los niños(as) (p< 0,01). Conclusiones: los niños(as) que tenían mala actividad física alcanzan el 76 % de obesidad y sobrepeso, a diferencia del 20 % de exceso de peso que tienen los estudiantes que realizan actividad física regular. A pesar de no haber encontrado relación entre el estado nutricional y la calidad alimentaria, hay mayor proporción de obesidad en los niños(as) con alta calidad alimentaria. El alto porcentaje de exceso de peso en los estudiantes podría explicarse más bien por la falta de actividad física que por el consumo de alimentos, a pesar de que la mayoría dice tener buena calidad alimentaria.
Introduction: obesity in Chile affects 9.9 % of children under 6 years of age and increases to 22.4 % in overweight children. Objective: to determine the nutritional condition of boys and girls according to their physical exercising, the quality of their feeding and the schooling of the parents. Methods: two hundred fifty seven children of both sexes from public schools were evaluated. Their parents answered the questionnaires in terms of level of physical exercising, quality of feeding and schooling. Univariate and bivariate statistical analysis were applied by using absolute frequencies, percentages and the Chi-square test to evaluate data. Results: of 257 schoolchildren, 50 % were overweight. The nutritional condition was significantly related with the physical exercising (p< 0.01), but unrelated to food quality and schooling. This last variable would explain the food quality of the children (p< 0.01). Conclusions: the children of both sexes who presented with poor physical exercising reach 76 % in obesity and overweight if compared to 20 % overweight in children practicing regular exercising. Despite the lack of relationship between nutritional condition and food quality, the proportion of obese children in the group having good food quality was high. On the other hand, the high percentage of overweight in the school children may be explained by poor physical exercising rather than food consumption, although the majority stated that they kept good food quality.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer cual es la concepción general del profesorado de Educación Física(EF) sobre la coeducación en EF y que estratégias metodológicas utiliza el profesorado para trabajarla. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas sometidas a análisis de contenido. Se destaca que; la categoría "Definición de coeducación" no existe unanimidad en el profesorado sobre que es la coeducación. La categoría "Utilización del espacio motriz" pone de manifiesto que los chicos utilizan la mayoría del espacio. La categoría "Lenguaje", resalta que el profesorado admite que existe un lenguaje sexista en lós centros escolares pero que su uso es inconsciente.
O objetivo desta investigação consistiu em conhecer qual é o conceito geral dos professores de Educação Física (EF) sobre educação mista em EF e que estratégias metodológicas utilizam os professores para trabalhar. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, procedendo-se análise do seu conteúdo. Destaca-se que, na categoria "Definição de coeducação" não existe um consenso entre os professores sobre o que é coeducação. A categoria "Uso de espaço motriz" revela que os meninos usam a maioria do espaço. A categoria "Linguagem" enfatiza que os professores admitem que exista uma linguagem sexista nas escolas, porém o seu uso é inconsciente.
The aim of this research was to know the general conception of Physical Education teachers about the coeducation in their own subjects and to find out which methodological strategies are followed by the teachers to work with coeducation. Some semi structured interviews were done to ask for the content analysis. To stand out: in the category "Coeducation definition", there isn't any arrangement by the professorate about what coeducation is. The category "Drive space employment" shows up that the kids use the most part of the space. The category "Language"stands out that the teachers admit that a sexist way of speaking is inadvertently used in the schools by the kids.